| A |
|
| ABCC |
Association of British Chambers of
Commerce |
| ABI |
Association of British Insurers |
| Ad Valorem-
according to the value |
A fixed percentage of the value of goods
that is used to calculate customs duties and taxes. |
| Admirality
Court |
A court having jurisdiction over
maritime questions pertaining to ocean transport, including contracts, charters,
collisions, and cargo damages. |
| Advising
Bank |
A bank that receives a letter of credit
from an issuing bank, verifies its authenticity, and forwards the original letter of
credit to the exporter without obligation to pay. |
| AF |
Advance freight (i.e. prior to shipment) |
| AFT |
At or towards the stern or rear of a
ship. |
| Affreightment |
The hiring of a ship in whole or in
part. |
| Air Freight
Forwarder |
A type of freight forwarder who
specializes in air cargo. He usually consolidates the air shipments of various exporters,
charging them for actual weight and deriving his profit by paying the airline the lower
consolidated rate. He issues his own air waybills to the exporters, is licensed by the CAB
(Civil Aeronautics Board) and has the status of an indirect air carrier. |
| Air Waybill
(AWB) |
A bill of landing that covers both
international and domestic flights transporting goods to a specified destination. This is
a non-negotiable documents of air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper,
indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods listed and obligates itself to carry
the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions. |
| AITA |
International Air Transport Association,
IATA, (French, German). |
| Alongside |
A phrase referring to the side of a
ship. Goods to be delivered "alongside" are to be placed on the dock or barge
within reach of the transport ship's tackle so that they can be loaded abroad the ship. |
| AN |
Advice note |
| ANF |
Arrival notification form |
| AP |
Additional premium |
| Arbitration
Clause |
A standard clause to be included in the
contracts of exporters and importers, as suggested by the American Arbitration
Association. It states that any controversy or claim will be settled by arbitration in
accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. |
| ATP |
Accorde Transports Perissable, (European
Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs) |
|
| B |
|
| BACS |
Banker's Automated Clearing System |
| BAF |
Bunker adjustment factor: A fuel
surcharge expressed as a percentage added or subtracted from the freight rate reflecting
the movement in the market price for bunkers. |
| Balance of
Trade |
The difference between a country's total
imports and exports; if exports exceed imports, favorable balance of trade exists, if not,
a trade deficit is said to exist. |
| Ballast |
Heavy weight, often sea water, necessary
for the stability and safety of a ship at sea. |
| Barter |
Trade in which merchandise is exchanged
directly for other merchandise without use of money. Barter is an important means of trade
with countries using currency that is not readily convertible. |
| BCN |
Banker's Cover Note |
| B/D |
Banker's Draft |
| B/E |
Bill of Exchange |
| BEA |
British Exporters Association |
| Beam |
The maximum breadth of a ship. |
| Berth |
Place alongside a quay where a ship
loads or discharges cargo. |
| BIFA |
British International Freight
Association |
| Bill of
Entry |
A shipper's detailed statement for
Customs purposes of the nature and value of goods in a consignment. |
| Bill of
Exchange (B/E) |
Legally defined as "an
unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person
giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or
determinable future time, a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person,
or to bearer". It is the most general method of obtaining payment for goods shipped
abroad. |
| Bill of
Lading (B/L) |
Is a document signed by the carrier and
acts as a contract of affreightment, a receipt and evidence of title to the cargo. |
| Bolster |
This is a piece of equipment equivalent
to the bottom of a container without sides. Often used for stacking parcels of sawn timber
and bags of cocoa. Otherwise known as a flat or pontoon |
| Bonded
Warehouse |
A warehouse storage area or
manufacturing facility in which imported goods may be stored or processed without payment
of customs duties. |
| BOTB |
British Overseas Trade Board |
| Bottle
screws, container shoes, twist locks, chains and
chain tensioners: |
All pieces of lashing equipment for
securing cargo (twist locks and container shoes are used only on containers, pontoons and
stackmasters). |
| Boules |
A boule is a log that has been sliced
through into at least 12 pieces. The bark is left intact. |
| Breakbulk: |
Another term for general cargo, i.e. non
unitised cargoes. |
| B/S |
Bill of Sale |
| BSC |
British Shippers Council |
| BSI |
British Standards Institution |
| BSS |
British Standard Specification |
| Bunkers: |
Name given for vessel’s fuel and
diesel oil supplies (originates from coal bunkers). |
| BV |
Bureau Veritas |
|
| C |
|
| CAAC |
Customs and Allied Affairs Committee |
| CAD |
Cash against documents - Full shipping
documents are sent to a bank or an agent at the port of destination with instructions that
they are to be handed over to the consignee only in exchange for the sum due. |
| CAF |
Currency adjustment factor: A surcharge
expressed as a percentage (or subtracted) from the freight rate compensating the Line (or
shipper) for a change in the exchange rates relationship between the currency of freight
collected from the shippers and currency of costs incurred by the Line. |
| CAN |
Customs Assigned Number |
| Carnet |
A customs document permitting the holder
to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display,
demonstration, or similar purpose) without paying duties or posting bonds. |
| Carrier |
Any person who undertakes to perform or
precure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or any
combination. |
| Cartel |
Is an association of several independent
national or international business organizations that regulates competition by controlling
the prices, the production, or the marketing of a product or an industry. |
| CBI |
Confederation of British Industry |
| CCA |
Connecting carrier agreement: A contract
between carriers such that line or both operators will transport a said amount of cargo on
behalf of the other on the other's Bill of Lading, thus acting as a bridge for crosstraded
cargoes needing a first or second leg carrier to compliment the first |
| CC/O |
Certificate of consignment/origin |
| CCT |
Common Customs Tariff (within the EU) |
| CD |
Customs declaration |
| C & D |
Collected and delivered |
| CDV |
Current domestic value |
| C & E |
Customs & Excise |
| Cell Guides |
Upright metal fasteners welded to the
ship's deck to secure the containers for the sea journey. Containers aree secured to these
sections using twist locks which act as keys bolting the container's four corners to the
ship's deck and/or other containers in the stack. |
| CFR |
Cost and Freight - One of the thirteen
Incoterms and one of four 'C' terms.
The seller must clear the goods for export.
A sales term denoting that the seller is responsible for arranging and paying for the
carriage of goods to the agreed port of discharge, excluding insurance costs.
CFR is used for goods that are to be carried by sea. |
| CFS |
Container freight station |
| CH |
Custom House |
| Charges
forward |
Charges to be paid by the buyer on
arrival of the goods. |
| Charterer |
Person or company who hires a ship from
a shipowner for a period of time. |
| Charter
party |
The contract between the owner of a ship
and the individual or company chartering it. Among other specifications, the contract
usually stipulates the exact obligations of the ship-owner (loading the goods, carrying
the goods to a certain point, returning to the charterer with other goods, etc.); or it
provides for an outright leasing of the vessel to the charterer, who then is responsible
for his own loading and delivery. In either case, the charter party sets forth the exact
conditions and requirements agreed upon by both sides. |
| Chassis |
A wheel assemble including bogies
constructed to accept mounting of containers. |
| CIF |
Cost, Iinsurance and Freight - One of
the thirteen Incoterms and one of four 'C' terms.
Another selling term but includes insurance and handling shipment costs. The party that
has sold CIF has complete control over the shipment of goods.
The seller has the same obligation under CFR but must also procure marine insurance. The
seller is only required to obtain minimum coverage. |
| CIF & C |
Cost, Insurance, Freight &
Commission |
| CIF & E |
Cost, Insurance, Freight & Exchange |
| CIF & I |
Cost, Insurance, Freight & Interest |
| CIFC &
I |
Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission
& Interest |
| CIP |
Carriage and Insurance Paid To - One of
the thirteen Incoterms and one of four 'C' terms.
The seller has the same obligation asunder CPT but is also responsible for contracts for
insurance of goods during the carriage. The seller also pays the insurance premium.
Under CIP the seller is only required to obtain minimum insurance cover. |
| CITHA |
Confederation of International Trading
Houses Associations |
| CLECAT |
European Liaison Committee of Common
Market Forwarders |
| CO or C/O |
Certificate of origin - A document to
prove the place of growth, production or manufacture of goods specified thereon. |
| Cocobod |
Ghana Cocoa Board |
| COD |
Cash on delivery, customers own delivery |
| Combo/Combi |
Combination vessel: A dry vessel
designed to carry either dry bulk (grain, etc,) break bulk or containers. Such vessels are
normally equipped with their own cranes. |
| Conference |
A group of vessel operators joined
together for the purpose of establishing freight rates. |
| Consignee
(C/nee) |
Person to whom goods are to be delivered
by the carrier at the place of destination. Otherwise known as the receiver. |
| Consignor |
The sender of the goods. |
| Consular
Invoice |
An invoice, prepared on a special form
and legalised by the Consul of the importing country, usually required by the Customs of
that country to confirm details and origin. |
| Container |
Metal box used for the carriage of
cargo. Usual dimensions 20 x 8 x 8.5ft or 40 x 8 x 8.5ft. |
| Container
demurrage |
Money paid by the shipper for the use of
containers or other Line owned equipment beyond a specified ‘free time’ period. |
| Container
vessel |
Ship specially designed to carry
shipping containers. The vessel often has bays into which the containers are lowered and
where they are held in place by upright steel sections called cell guides. Containers are
frequently carried on deck where they need to be lashed and secured. |
| COU |
Clip-on unit |
| C/P |
Charter party |
| CPT |
Carriage Paid To - One of the thirteen
Incoterms and one of four 'C' terms.
The seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. Under
CPT the seller must clear the goods for export ie obtain the export licence, pay export
taxes and fees if required and furnish the buyer with the invoice and relevant documents.
CPT can be used for any mode of transport |
| Cranage |
Charge for use of wharf crane when a
ship's own appliances for loading or unloading are now used. |
| CRF |
Clean Report of Findings, details the
quality, quantity and state of goods |
| CRIG |
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana |
| CRN |
Customs registered number |
| Curl |
Small nugget of dense hardwood which has
a high oil content. This is used for bearings and is very rare. Sometimes used in
Takaradi. |
| C/V |
Certificate of value |
| C/VO |
Certificate of Value and Origin |
| CWE |
Cleared without examination |
|
| D |
|
| DAF |
Delivered At Frontier - One of the
thirteen Incoterms and one of five 'D' terms.
The seller is obliged to deliver the goods at the frontier before the customs border of
the adjoining contry. The goods should be made available and cleared for export. The
seller must also provide documents to enable the buyer to take delivery such as the
document of transport or warehouse warrant.
The buyer must pay for on-carriage and cover import clearance ie import licence, duties,
taxes and fees.Note: It is important that the frontier is clearly defined. |
| DDP |
Delivered duty paid |
| DDU |
Delivered Duty Unpaid - One of the
thirteen Incoterms and one of five 'D' terms.
The seller is obliged to deliver the goods on the quay at the port of destination, cleared
for importation. The seller must pay unloading costs but not provide import clearance
The buyer must take delivery of goods at the country of importation and must cover any
duties, such as import licences, pay duties, taxes and fees. |
| Demurrage |
Quay rent: Money paid by the shipper for
occupying port space beyond a specified ‘free time’ period. |
| DEQ |
Delivered Ex Quay (Duty Paid) - One of
the thirteen Incoterms and one of five 'D' terms.
The seller is obliged to deliver the goods on the quay at the port of destination, cleared
for importation. The seller must pay unloading costs and provide import clearance such as
import licences, pay duties, taxes and fees.
The buyer simply takes delivery of the goods. |
| DES |
Delivered Ex Ship - One of the thirteen
Incoterms and one of five 'D' terms.
The seller is obliged to deliver the goods on board the ship at the port of destination,
uncleared for importation.
The seller must provide documents to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods ie the
bill of lading.
The buyer must pay unloading costs and provide import clearance ie duties, taxes &
fees. |
| DGN |
Dangerous Goods Note |
| DF |
Dead freight (shipper or charterer pays
for space booked but not occupied) |
| Disbursement |
Sums paid out by a ship’s agent at a
port on behalf of the owner. |
| Discharging |
Removing goods from a ship. |
| D/O |
Delivery order |
| Draft |
Widely used alternative spelling of
draught. Depth to which a ship is immersed in the water. This depth varies according to
the design of the ship and will be greater or lesser depending not only on the weight of
the ship and everything on board, but also on the density of the water in which the ship
is lying. |
| Dry Van |
A basic 20/40ft container. |
| DTI |
Department of Trade and Industry |
| Dunnage |
Materials of various types, often timber
or matting, placed among the cargo for separation, and hence protection from damage, for
ventilation and, in the case of certain cargoes, to provide a space in which the tynes of
a forklift truck may be inserted. |
| DWT |
Deadweight: Weight of cargo, stores and
water, i.e. the difference between lightship and loaded displacement. |
|
| E |
|
| EAR |
Export after repair |
| ECE |
Economic Commission for Europe |
| ECI |
Export Consignment Identifier |
| ECOFIN |
Economic and Financial Affairs Council
(EC) |
| ECPD |
Export Cargo Packing Declaration |
| EFTA |
European Free Trade Association |
| Endorsee |
Person to whom a bill of exchange is
transferred by the endorsement of a third party. |
| Endorser |
One who endorses a bill, and thereby
accepts liability for it. |
| ERP |
Economic Recovery Programme for the
cocoa industry in Ghana launched in 1983 |
| ETA |
Estimated Time of Arrival. |
| ETD |
Estimated Time of Departure. |
| ETS |
Estimated Time of Sailing |
| EU |
European Union |
| EXW |
Ex Works - One of the thirteen
Incoterms.
This represents the seller's minimum obligation.
The seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available at his
premises to the buyer.
He is not responsible for loading the goods on the vehicle provided by the buyer or for
the clearing of the goods for export, unless otherwise agreed.
The buyer bears all the costs and risks in taking the goods frrom the seller's premises to
the deired destination. |
|
| F |
|
| FAS |
Free Alongside Ship - One of the
thirteen Incoterms and one of three 'F' terms.
The seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the
vessel/quay.
If cargo is sold/bought FAS it excludes loading, discharging and seafreight costs. It is
to a customer’s distinct advantage to buy goods FAS, because they then have more control
over their shipment. |
| FBY |
Free buyers yard: As FOT but also
includes delivery to buyer’s premises. |
| FCA |
Free Carrier - One of the thirteen
Incoterms and one of three 'F' terms.
This is the main term for handing over goods for carriage and can be used irrespective of
the mode of transport.
The seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared
for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named point. If no
point has been indicated the seller may choose within the range stipulated where the
carrier should take charge of the goods. |
| FCL |
Full container load: A container with
one shippers cargo only. |
| F & D |
Freight and demurrage |
| FEU |
Forty foot equivalant unit - see TEU. |
| FIATA |
International Federation of Freight
Forwarders Association |
| FILO |
Free in, liner out: Seafreight which the
shipper pays load costs and the carrier pays discharge costs. |
| FIO |
Free in and out: Freight booked FIO
includes the seafreight, but not loading and discharging costs. |
| FIOS |
Free in and out and stowed: As FIO but
includes stowage costs. |
| FIOT |
Free in and out and trimmed: As above
but includes trimming, e.g. the levelling out of bulk cargoes. |
| First of
Exchange |
First or principal copy of a bill of
exchange to be presented and honoured the other copies then being automatically cancelled. |
| FIT |
Federation of International Traders |
| Flat |
This is a piece of equipment equivalent
to the bottom of a container without sides. Often used for stacking parcels of sawn timber
and bags of cocoa. Otherwise known as a pontoon or bolster. |
| FOB |
Free Onboard - One of the thirteen
Incoterms and one of three 'F' terms.
Sales term denoting that the seller is responsible for delivering goods to the port of
loading agreed in the contract and for loading them onto the ship nominated by the buyer.
FOB’s usually refer to the loading/terminal costs.
The seller fulfils his obligationto deliver the goods when the goods have passed over the
ship's rail. |
| Foreign
Bill |
A bill of exchange drawn on an acceptor
overseas. |
| FOT |
Free on truck: Includes all loading,
discharging and seafreight costs. Also includes costs of placing goods onto trucks at the
quay. |
| FRA |
Forward Rate Agreement |
| Free
discharge |
Free out: Includes loading costs and
seafreight only. |
| Freight
Account |
The debit note received from the
shipowner for freight due on goods shipped. |
| Freight
Collect Forward |
Payable by consignee. |
| Freight
Forwarder |
Company or person who organises
transportation of cargo including one or all of the following:- sea, air or rail
transport, haulage and customs clearance. |
| Freight
Release |
Shipowner's authorisation to captain to
give delivery of goods, freight having been paid on them. |
| FTA |
Freight Transport Association or Free
Trade Agreements |
| FTL |
Full Trailer Load |
|
| G |
|
| GCBS |
General Council of British Shipping |
| GCCSFA |
Ghana Cocoa, Coffee and Sheanut Farmers
Association |
| General
Average |
A contribution made by each shipper,
according to the value of his goods shipped, towards a loss or expense incurred in time of
peril at sea by an act of sacrifice for the general good. Is usually recoverable under the
ordinary marine insurance policy. |
| General
Cargo |
Any cargo that is not carried in a
container or vehicle/machinery that can be loaded/discharged using its own power, e.g.
palletised, bagged, bales, bundles, crates, etc. |
| GNP |
Gross national product |
| Gooseneck |
Devise for connecting a tugmaster to a
mafi trailer. It is attached to the tugmasters 'fifth wheel' |
| Gross
Weight |
Total weight of goods and packing. |
| Groupage |
A container with cargoes from/for
different shippers/receivers, i.e. containing more than one shipper’s cargo. Otherwise
known as LCL (Less than a container load) |
| GRT |
Gross registered tonnage |
| GST |
Ghana Stock Exchange |
|
| H |
|
| HL |
Heavy lift |
| HMC |
Her Majesty's Customs |
| HMC&E |
Her Majesty's Customs and Excise |
| HMSO |
Her Majesty's Stationery Office |
| HVR |
Hague-Visby Rules |
|
| I |
|
| IATA |
International Air Transport Association |
| ICB |
International Container Bureau |
| ICC |
International Chamber of Commerce,
Institute Cargo Clauses |
| ICCH |
International Commodities Clearing House |
| ICCO |
International Cocoa Council |
| ICD |
Inland Clearance Depot |
| ICHCA |
International Cargo Handling
Co-ordination Association |
| ICS |
International Chamber of Shipping or
Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers |
| ID |
Import Duty |
| IDR |
Import Duty Report, stipulates the value
of an imported good and the amount to be paid as duty. Nigeria only. |
| IFF |
Institute of Freight Forwarders |
| I/L |
Import Licence |
| IMDG |
International Maritime Dangerous Goods
code |
| IMF |
International Monetary Fund |
| IMO |
International Maritime Organisation |
| Incoterms |
A set of purchase terms (13 main ones
and several secondary types) accredited by the International Chamber of Commerce. Denote
the points at which shipper, carrier and consigneee risk and responsibility start and end. |
| INSA |
International Shipowners' Association |
| Intermodal |
Carriage of a commodity by different
modes of transport, i.e. sea, road, rail and air within a single journey. |
| IOE |
Institute of Export |
| IRN |
Import Release Note |
| ISF |
International Shipping Federation |
| ISO |
International standards organisation. |
|
| J |
|
|
| K |
|
| Keelage |
Toll on vessels entering a port. |
|
| L |
|
| L/C |
Letter of Credit |
| LCL |
Less than a container load: A container
with cargoes from/for different shippers/receivers, i.e. containing more than one
shipper’s cargo. |
| LILO |
Liner in, liner out or full liner terms:
Qualification to a freight rate which signifies that it consists of the ocean carriage and
the cost of cargo handling at the loading and discharging ports (to ship’s rail)
according to the custom of a particular set of ports. |
| Lashing |
To hold goods in position by the use of,
for example, wires, ropes, chains, or straps. |
| LASH |
Lighter aboard ship: This technique for
sea transport of cargoes uses barges floated into specially designed vessels. One of our
competitors, Baco Line employs such vessels on the Europe/Africa trade. This technique
enables low drafted barges to access shallow ports ie some of those in the Niger delta
including Onne and Warri. |
| Lane metre |
A method of measuring the space capacity
of Ro Ro ships whereby each unit of space (linear metre) is represented by an area of deck
1m in length by 2.5m in width. |
| Laytime/Laydays |
Time given by the shipowner to allow a
chartered vessel to load and/or discharge cargo. |
| Laycan |
Abbreviation for laydays cancelling
periods during which a shipowner must tender notice that a ship has arrived at the port of
loading and is ready to load cargo. |
| Letter of
Credit |
This is a written undertaking given by a
Bank to pay the Seller/Exporter an amount of money within a specified time provided the
Seller/Exporter presents specified documents which are in accordance with the terms of a
letter of credit. A "Confirmed Irrevocable Letter of Credit" is the form of
undertaking which provides the greatest security of payment to the exporter |
| LI |
Letter of Indemnity |
| LIC |
Local import control |
| LIFFE |
London International Financial Futures
Exchange |
| Linear
metre |
Method of measuring volume of cargo on
Ro Ro vessels, in which the measurement is an estimate of the length of the cargo laid end
to end. (See lane metre.) |
| LOA |
Length over all: Vessel length. |
| LO/LO |
Lift on/lift off |
|
| M |
|
| Mafi |
A generic term for a wheeled trailer
used for carrying cargo, also properly known as a roll trailer. It may remain on board
throughout ocean passage or be used as a ‘slave’ trailer to transport cargo to and
from the vessel once on quay. |
| Manifest |
Lists produced by the loading port
agents with a detailed breakdown of all cargo to be loaded including Bill of Lading
number, weight, volume, shippers and receiver’s names, etc. |
| Megacarrier |
One of the predatory massive shipping
lines that compete on the largely saturated east/west trades. |
|
| N |
|
| NMB |
National Maritime Board |
| NPC |
National Ports Council / Nigerian Ports
Charge (Carriers surcharge given extra costs imposed by ports authority) |
| NRT |
Net registered tonnage |
| NVOCC |
Non vessel owning common carrier |
|
| O |
|
| OBO |
Oil bulk ore: A vessel capable of
carrying both dry and liquid bulk cargoes. |
| OECD |
Organisation for Economic Co-operation
& Development |
| OEEC |
Organisation for European Economic
Co-operation |
| OFT |
Office of Fair Trading |
| OOG - Out
of gauge/profile |
When cargo loaded is not within the
dimensions of an ISO pontoon/stackmaster on which it is placed and protrudes from the
sides or is too high. |
| Open top
container |
Container with a removable fabric roof
which enables heavy/bulk cargo to be loaded into the container by crane/elevator. |
| Overlanded |
Cargo discharged but not on the
manifest, generally by accident. |
|
| P |
|
| Pallet |
A wooden frame on which pieces of
general cargo are placed so they can be lifted using a forklift truck. |
| PBC |
Produce Buying Company Limited, Ghana.
Buys cocoa beans from farmers at village level and sells direct to the government at
guaranteed prices. |
| PD |
Port dues |
| PE |
Period entry |
| Pilferage |
Petty theft (Sometimes major!). |
| P/L |
Partial loss |
| POD |
Paid on delivery/Proof of delivery |
| Pontoon |
This is a piece of equipment equivalent
to the bottom of a container without sides. Often used for stacking parcels of sawn timber
and bags of cocoa. Otherwise known as a flat or bolster |
| Port |
1. Harbour having facilities for ships
to moor, load and discharge. 2. The left hand
side of a ship when facing forwards. |
| Port
Captain |
The person who plans stowage and
supervises loading and discharging of vessels. Also know as a Supercargo. |
| Primage |
Percentage added to freight and usually
returned as a deferred rebate. |
| Prime Entry |
Statement of goods based on details
included in the bill of lading. |
| Pro Forma |
Literally, a specimen, eg pro forma
invoice, which is a specimen of the invoice as it would be were the order placed. In other
words, it is a quotation. |
| PSD |
Pre-shipment document |
| PSI |
Pre-shipment Inspection |
|
| Q |
|
|
| R |
|
| Reach
Stacker |
A special container handling truck that
can stack containers and reach behind two rows of containers. |
| REDS |
Registered Excise Shippers and Dealers |
| Reefer |
Refrigerated container that is fitted
with a refrigerated unit for the carriage of cargoes that have to be frozen or chilled. |
| RN |
Removal Note |
| Rolltrailer |
A generic term for a wheeled trailer
used for carrying cargo, also known as a mafi. It may remain on board throughout ocean
passage or be used as a ‘slave’ trailer to transport cargo to and from the vessel once
on quay.It has an underlayer with a steel chassis and equipped with solid rubber tyres. It
is attached to a tugmaster with a gooseneck. |
| Ro Ro |
Roll on, Roll off: Handling of cargo
onto or off ship by vehicles or trailers, which may remain onboard during sea passage or
else can be taken on board by wheeled vehicles and the cargo stowed as general or unitised
cargo. |
|
| S |
|
| SAD |
Single Administrative Document |
| Seafreight |
Charges for transporting cargo by sea.
This does not cover any haulage or loading / discharging costs, sea transport only. |
| Shipper |
The manufacturer of the cargo or the
party who contracts to ship the goods as per the Bill of Lading. |
| Ship's
Manifest |
Captain's statement giving details of
ship, crew, cargo, and ports of destination. |
| Shortlanded |
Cargo manifested for port but not
discharged, either by accident or design. |
| Short
shipped |
Cargo not loaded and left on key, either
by accident or design. |
| SITC |
Standard International Trade
Classification |
| SO |
Seller's option |
| SOB |
Shipped on board |
| SSN |
Standard Shipping Note |
| Stability |
It is of paramount importance that a
vessel is stable in all respects at all times. When cargo is loaded/discharged the
stability is monitored by the navigating officer/Port Captain usually by computer, which
takes into account the weight and position of the cargo within the vessel. |
| Stackmaster |
A pontoon with two collapsible ends. |
| Starboard |
Right side of a ship when facing the
front or forward end. |
| Stern |
The aftermost part of the ship. |
| Stevedore |
Port manual worker involved with the
physical loading and discharging of vessels. |
| Stowage
Order |
Before certain classes of goods, such as
valuables, fragile or dangerous, are sent to the docks for shipment, a special stowage
order must be obtained from the shipowner. It is the shipowner's authority to the
ship-worker to accept the goods and stow them where indicated. It must accompany the goods
to the docks. |
| Stowaway |
A person who illegally hides on a vessel
to get free passage to another country (usually from a poor country to a more affluent
one). |
| Supercargo |
The person who plans stowage and
supervises loading and discharging of vessels. Also know as a Port Captain. |
| SWIFT |
Society for Worldwide Interbank
Financial Telecommunications |
| SWL |
Safe Working load |
|
| T |
|
| Tank
container |
A container suitable for carrying
liquids or powder. |
| Tare |
The actual weight of the container only,
without the goods. |
| TDC |
Total distribution costs |
| TDW |
Tons deadweight |
| Terminal |
A receiving point ie a freight station
or a container yard. |
| TEU |
Twenty foot equivalent unit: A term for
quantifying standard containers. 1 X 20’
container = 1 TEU
1 x 40 container = 2 x TEU or 1 x FEU
(A 1,200 TEU ship therefore has a theoretical
capacity of 1,200 x 20’containers). |
| Time
charter |
The hiring of a ship from a shipowner
for a period of time. |
| Toplashing |
Rolltrailers and cassettes are secured
with webbing. One end is attached to the ceiling, the other to the underlayer |
| Transhipment |
Transfer of goods from one ship to
another. |
| TTC |
Tariff trade code |
| Tugmaster |
A tractor - often a four wheel drive -
with a hydraulic trailer connection known as a ‘fifth wheel’ used to tow cargo on and
off the vessels. |
| TURN |
Trader unique reference number |
| Turnbuckle |
A screw threaded device for tightening
rods and chains and wire lashings |
| Twistlock |
Device for locking a container to the
deck or to another container above or below. The locking var is fitted to the corner
casting of the container and twisted with a handle. |
| Tynes |
Another term for the forks of a forklift
truck. |
|
| U |
|
| U/D |
Under deck |
| UDEAC |
Central African Customs and Economic
Union |
| UDEAO |
Union Douance et Economique d'Afrique
Occidentale |
| UN |
United Nations |
| UNCTAD |
The United Nations Conference on Trade
& Development |
| UNCITRAL |
The United Nations Commission on
International Trade Law |
|
| V |
|
| VAT |
Value Added Tax |
|
| W |
|
| Web Lashing |
Webbing made of artificial fibre which
is tightened and locked with a winch. |
| Wharfage |
Fees for use of wharf in discharging
cargo. |
| World Bank |
International bank for reconstruction
and development |
|
| X |
|
|
| Y |
|
|
| Z |
|